The Government And Its Effects On The Minority Report By...

The government plays a major role in dystopic stories and novels, and as these stories start to unfold, one can see the flaws in which how government works and how if effects the rest of society. In the Minority Report, written by Philip K. Dick, the mechanisms of the government’s systems begins to show different flaws when surveillance is use to determine the pre-crime of major crimes, and what happens to their citizens once a verdict is reached. Any type of Government surveillance can do more harm than good, due to the fact they invade the privacy of the people, in some cases resulting in giving innocent people unfair and unlawful punishments, and also because it can fail to protect and create an aspect of fear among their citizens. In The Minority Report, Philip K. Dick creates a government that can make an arrest with the assumption that their suspect is guilty, without taking into consideration that there was a minority report, which is the chance that their suspect is innocent. The people of this society had begun to see how this system is corrupt, and the coming to the point of how, â€Å"If no arrests were made, there would still have been no crimes committed.† As people see the chances of innocent citizens being arrested for no crime, they begin to think, how many murders would actually take place, and how many people would be falsely accused. When the flaw of arresting innocent people is first drawn to attention, it is made clear that any person who had be given aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Philip K. Dick1915 Words   |  8 Pages2017 The author I have been studying is Philip K. Dick. He is an american author who was prominent in the 1950’s and 60’s. Several of his books have been turned into famous movies and he has a wide range of stories. Dick was a successful writer because of how much he wrote often writing more than fifty short stories in a year. DIck turned to drug use early in his career often taking acid and other psychedelic substances. 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Second, thanks to my professors and advisors at Drew University, Karen Brown, Jonathan Reader, and Roger ShinnRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesand political churning, how will these driving factors be influenced by the brutally competitive global economy in which organizations do not have any particular geographic identity or travel under any particular national passport? What will be the effect of the rapid gyrations in markets that emphasize the difficulties that accounting practices face in determining true performance costs and that forecasting programs confront in establishing the economic determinants of corporate planning? In addition

The Life Of An American Muslim Arab - 1941 Words

May Elbassoussy Suzan Flatt WP1 18 Feb. 2016 The Life of an American Muslim Arab Arabs in general are struggling all around the world, and currently the biggest concern is the Israeli and Palestinian conflict. This conflict is quite a crazy conflict. The Israeli and Palestinian conflict led to the billions of Palestinian refugees to flee to the United States in hope to find a better place that they could or eventually call home. The American media does not appreciate that Arabs are in America and are trying to make it hard on Muslims and Arabs to survive. Society has portrayed Muslims as the enemy. No matter how hard Muslims try to fit in they simply just cannot due to the lack of truth and humanity in American media, who the Americans blame for the horrible attacks of September 11th. They blame the Muslims although there were Muslims in the building during the attacks that died or got brutally injured. Muslims struggle due to the fact that Islam is not known as well as other religions in the United States. Muslims should not be judged upon the fake stories, lies and myths that are simply not accurate. Muslims are not responsible for the attacks that have been stapled to their backs and foreheads: the claims of being a terrorist just because they wear a head scarf or dress differently. Define terrorist. What is terrorism? No the definition is not a Muslim. The definition of terrorism, taken from dictionary.com is, â€Å"a person who terrorizes or frightensShow MoreRelatedThe Muslim Community1163 Words   |  5 PagesThe Muslim community has faced many microassaults, microinsults, and microinvalidations in America. The microassaults reflect the conscious discrimination about a population. Many of the microassaults consisted of people stating that Arabs or Middle Eastern citizens are terrorists. 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Ayers ETH/125 April 11, 2011 Teresa Edge Arabs and Muslim Americans What distinguishes African American Muslims from other practicing Muslims in the United States today? * Arabs are an ethnic group. * Muslims are a religious group. * Islam is the faith, like Christianity. * Muslim is a believer of that religion, like a Christian. * You cannot accurately identify the Muslims by nationality alone. * Just because you are Arab doesRead More`` The Birds Of The South ``1585 Words   |  7 Pagescontemporary Arab-Muslim generation in America as narrated in Amani Abu Al-Fadhl’s â€Å"The Birds of the South†. Like many other contemporary Arab writers, Amani Abu Al-Fadhl highlights the sectarianism dominating the contemporary Muslim generation which is fragmented into Sunnis and Shias. According to the novel, however, the majority of Muslims are peace-loving. 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Nearly 3,000 people lost their lives on 9/11 due to the terrorist attacks

Essay on Principles of Empowerment-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write an Essay on Principles of Empowerment, teams and positive change and their impact on Organizational Performance. Answer: In the modern age a business enterprise is run by employers and employees unlike in the ancient or in Middle Ages when slaves were forced to work for their masters (Abd-El-Salam etal., 2013). Along with time and the development of world business and communication, employees have gained more rights in terms of working hours, compensations and others. However, presently the term principle of employee empowerment refers to the allowances made by the Company management to the employees in case of certain decisions (Abd-El-Salam etal., 2013). There are various factors related to employee empowerment and how it affects a business organisation (Abd-El-Salam etal., 2013). The benefits of the empowerment, its importance, its impact on the organisation and the ill effects of it is to be thoroughly discussed to understand employee empowerment in its entirety (Rizwan, Mukhtar, 2014). The purpose of the essay is to explore the perspectives of the employees and the leadership to understand the im pact of employee empowerment on a working environment. The study includes all the three perspectives on the subject matter and hence, it presents a holistic point of view. This essay is primarily divided into three parts. The first part is written from the point of view of an employee, the second part is written from an objective view point of an individual and the third part is written from a team leaders perspective. These three different points of views is for the construction of a holistic structural view on employee empowerment. The employee of an empowerment depends on the Managements will to initiate a process which can provide more rights to the employees in terms of innovation and become a part of decision making procedures (Abd-El-Salam etal., 2013). The leadership of a company plays a major role in empowering the employees with certain rights and authority to work freely with in the codes and regulations of the company. The leadership of an organisation should be good enough to control the employees and also make them part of the decision making and initiating various activities (Rizwan, Mukhtar, 2014). According to various studies employee empowerment reduces costs and improves productivity, it improves customer service and initiates change for the betterment of the company. Therefore the leadership should know the process of channelling the employees towards a proper direction for the benefit of the company (Rizwan, Mukhtar, 2014). It is a fact that team work is always better for an organisation. Team work ensures better productivity and distribution. Better team activity results into positive changes in the company. The limitation of the essay lies in setting up practical examples which sometimes become important to understand a subject. This essay also discusses about the importance of a team and its relevance in an organisation. The significance of positive change and its initiators is another important subject related to the betterment of the organisation (Chrobot-Mason Aramovich, 2013). It is a fact that an organisation is actually run by its employees. The employees initiates, thinks and executes each and every work for an organisation (Appelbaum, 2014). In the recent times, there has been a huge debate about the employee empowerment. The subject was a discussion was about whether an employee should be provided with certain independence in the workplace to innovate, adapt and become a part of the decision making process (Appelbaum, 2014). This debate also included how, the recent standard of the business organisation is all about limiting the authority of the employees on certain areas (Fernandez Moldogaziev, 2015). However, it is an elongated process to implement an employee empowerment program. There are requirements like surveys, seminars, open discussions, and management meetings in the process in implementing the employee empowerment program in an organisation (Fernandez Moldogaziev, 2015). Most of the organisations do not implement this proper process and h ence it creates problem for both the management and the employees (Namasivayam, Guchait Lei, 2014). There are various advantages to employee empowerment. In primary observation, it can be understood that, it not only provides more confidence to the employees but also allows them to think for the betterment of the company (Namasivayam, Guchait Lei, 2014). Every organisation wants its employees to get involved into the work in a more serious way (Appelbaum, 2014). The organisation wants its employees to remain well knitted and enhance their team performance (Namasivayam, Guchait Lei, 2014). As an employee, I feel that initiating employee empowerment acts as a positive catalyst in the working environment of an organisation. Employees initiate each and every work in an organisation. Employees gain enormous experience through the execution of works (Goetsch Davis, 2014). This experience can be rightly utilised when they are provided with more authority to advice and argue in terms of decision making. It also helps us, the employees to implement certain strategies during the execution of the work. This fastens the working process and helps to make the employees to develop their skills through the practical experiences in their own way. As an employee (Appelbaum, 2015), I feel that the major impact of employee empowerment on an organisation is the reduction in the cost of processing, productivity, marketing and all other processes which are run by the company. Every organisation wants to reduce the cost of production. The organisations try and implement various strategies and technologies in order to achieve the cost cut in productivity (Goetsch Davis, 2014). However, one of the major techniques to reduce the cost of a product is to provide enough responsibilities and independence to the employees in the workplace (Goetsch Davis, 2014). As the employees are well versed in their work they understand the methods of reducing the cost of production (Goetsch Davis, 2014). It is also true that employee empowerment helps the employee to believe that he belongs to the working arena and he understands his importance to the Organisation. This results into more sincerity and honesty from us as the company becomes emotionally attached to us as employees (Chrobot-Mason Aramovich, 2013). However, the empowerment of the employees in terms of decision making and responsibility will not result into a salary hike. Rather, it would encourage us to work for the betterment of the organisation. In the service sector, Customer service has become one of the major concerns for the Enterprises (Chrobot-Mason Aramovich, 2013). The company invests a large share of its investments in initiating customer service. In our company, customer service is regarded as the most vital tool to communicate with the customers and to expand our share in the market (Chrobot-Mason Aramovich, 2013). The empowerment of the employees ensures better customer service. If the employees are provided with the power to take decisions in the absence of the supervisor, it makes the job easier for them. Every individual have their own way of expressing things through language and behaviour in their specific way. Every individual differs from one another in terms of the language they use and in the process of communication. As employees we are provided with specific module and script following which becomes mandatory during the formal conversations with the customers. However, it became easier for us when we were allowed to go off script and utilise our own communication skills to manipulate and converse with the customers freely (Fernandez Moldogaziev, 2015). However, this also might have its negative impacts on business but the slight breach of codes can also be fruitful for the productivity and sales of the company (Allen, Lehmann-Willenbrock Sands, 2016). If the employees are allowed to take decisions by using their own skills and experience it can be useful for the company. This would not only ensure better customer service but will also develop the employees and their intellectual quotient. The power of improvisation also may be cost effective as well (Chrobot-Mason Aramovich, 2013). Through this process an employee can come more close to the organisation and even take pride for their creative inputs. Encouraging creativity can be a major way to better productivity in the business (Chrobot-Mason Aramovich, 2013). Sometimes change becomes instrumental for increasing the productivity of a company. In a globalised market where the business standards and scenario changes every minute, transformation of the company principles becomes important. The employers and the management of the company run it according to certain principles and techniques (Allen, Lehmann-Willenbrock Sands, 2016). However, as an employee I understand the real problems and change needed for our company. It is important to include the employees in the important decisions to know their perspective. Most of the times these exchange of ideas become profitable for the company (Allen, Lehmann-Willenbrock Sands, 2016). It is necessary for the company to create the right environment for the employees so that they can question the decisions taken by the hierarchy of the organisation. These initiatives are not only cost effective and productive for the organisation but it also increase the overall team bonding and create a better work ing environment A team can be defined as a smaller unit which acts according to the assigned role in an organisation (Driskell etal., 2017). Every team has its specificity in terms of work, performance and functions. According to the Belbin model there are nine different types of roles in a team. Belbin emphasises on each and every role and discusses about the function it plays in the team (Eubanks et al., 2016). Firstly, it is to create ideas followed by exploring opportunities, co-ordination., shaping the structure of work, monitoring or evaluation, implementation of the plan and technical assessment of the plan (Driskell etal., 2017). Every process of a work begins with an idea about it. Creative work is the most elevated form of work in a team (Ruch et al., 2016). The creative initiation of the project ensures proper information and also helps others to create a proper structure of the work in their minds to run the process properly (Elnaga Imran, 2014). A creative idea is converted into a prod uctive work through enormous research and exploration of that idea. This exploration is often regarded as a collaborative process and a team activity (Ruch et al., 2016). This exploration about the idea helps in the enhancement of the co-ordination and to create a proper project material. In the next step, this explorations and findings are properly discussed with the team leaders and others (Elnaga Imran, 2014). This process clarifies the objectives, elevates decision making and helps in building team co-ordination. Another role is of the shaping the entire process until coordination and structuralise it properly for the future initiation of the work (Driskell etal., 2017). This job role is dynamic, challenging and is sometimes difficult handle. This is followed by monitoring and evaluating the previous works. This process is about proper planning to avoid future possibilities of facing obstacles by the team. The work then passes to the Team Worker, who provides support to all the team members and ensures the working culture in the organisation (Ruch et al., 2016). The role of implementing the ideas needs a dynamic, challenging and reliable person in it (Elnaga Imran, 2014). This role is highly risky as it involves a lot of responsibility and sincerity to implement the ideas into a practical situation (Ruch et al., 2016). A complete finisher monitors and evaluates the entire work from the beginning to the implementation and rectifies the mistakes or errors committed by the people of previous job roles. The final assessment of the plan is required to make the entire work error free (Mostert, 2015). This job role also assesses the quality of the work and the amount of feedback it can get from the customers. All these job roles are equally important for a team to work and complete a project properly in a workplace (Ruch et al., 2016). However, one of the primary job roles is to shape up the process properly for the future initiation of the project (Oke et al., 2016). The role of a shaper comes into play right in the middle of the project. A shapers role is to structuralise the process properly so that the work can be properly executed processed and rectified (Oke et al., 2016). To understand the significance of the role of a shaper in an organisation it is important assess the entire context in a proper way. The creative role is about imagining and discovering an idea which will be suitable for the project. The explorer or the researcher explores the positive outcomes and extensions of that idea. The co-ordinator manipulates and communicates the exploration of the idea to all the team members. The shaper keeps all these three previous roles in mind to initiate his role (Elnaga Imran, 2014). A shaper not only studies the explorations of the idea done by the resource investigator and the instructions or illustratio ns provided by the co-ordinator, he also uses his imaginative power to properly arrange the entire project (Elnaga Imran, 2014). His role often ensures the further job roles in the team (Oke et al., 2016). The job role of a shaper is often very challenging and dynamic. It is a responsibility, which comes with a lot of pressure and obstacles. There is an inherent requirement of courage and sense of overcoming the difficulties in terms of conducting this job role. A shaper generally ensures the fluidity in the workplace (Oke et al., 2016). The shapers are basically problem solvers in a team. These job roles is about manipulating and arguing with the other team members (Oke et al., 2016). According to various studies, people in this job role often hurt and offend people in the process of performing their job role. An ardent quality of the leadership is about engaging with the sub-ordinates in a proper way (Rego et al., 2016). The approach of a leader depends on various factors like qualification, their commitment, capabilities, patience and values (Rego et al., 2016). However, leading an older group of subordinates becomes more difficult. As the older employees are more experienced, it becomes difficult to maintain a command over them (Rego et al., 2016). Therefore, these situations should be handled with extreme care and sincerity. There are instances of untenable relationships between a young leader and his older-subordinates (Chi, Maier, Gursoy, 2013). A young leader should maintain certain principles and methods to maintain the discipline in a workplace. If I would have been a team leader, leading older people I would have adopted certain strategies in order to help the team perform better. As a leader it is important to plan an entire project properly. The leader should try to conduct a process of building relationships between him and his subordinates through projects (Chi, Maier, Gursoy, 2013). First of all the leader needs to make an outline of the possibilities of outcomes of certain actions. I would have adopted democratic process of decision making by allowing complete participation. As a leader, I would have distributed responsibilities among the experienced employees in order to utilise their years of hard work. I would have provided the right amount of support to the subordinates and help them to remain focused for better outcomes. I would have encouraged them to be more consistent in terms of work. I would have built a good relationship with them which would make them their favourite go to person in the workplace. The primary initiative to work with the older people in a project as a leader should be active listening. It is a fact that a good leader is not arrogant rather he should believe in acceptance (Owens Hekman, 2016). Accepting ideas and suggestions from the older people will not build a relationship of trust and value between the subordinates and the leader but this will also make future prospects of the organisation better than before. I as a leader would like to learn from my senior subordinates. Their experiences will be useful for me in the work. However, this display of respect will make a more humble of image the leader in their eyes (Owens Hekman, 2016). Acknowledging their ideas would make them appreciate the leader. Young leaders should try and invest enough time with his experienced team and build a personal relationship with the members of the team (Bakar McCann, 2014). As a young leader, one should display the concern about his subordinates by knowing him and his family issues closely. All these sessions of conversations can help to understand and work with these experienced workers in a proper way (Owens Hekman, 2016). I will be able to understand the approach by which I should deal with certain employees. This helps me to understand their work commitments and focus towards work. A young leader brings a lot of new things to the table. However, these new ideas and philosophies often create problems in a team. Especially in case of experienced employees, this instances of disagreement with new ideas of work culture and ethos have created sever problems (Martin et al., 2016). To overcome such issues, as a leader I would like to combine old ideas with new (Chiu, Owens, Tesluk, 2016). This combination of tradition and innovation can be fruitful for any team which consists of a young leader and older team members (Chiu, Owens, Tesluk, 2016). The combination will not only make the team members more comfortable, this would also help in fastening the work and provide better production results in the near future. The sole motto of a young leader should be earning respect from the subordinates. In case of older team members it becomes a challenge for the leader to achieve respect from the workers (Zacher Gielnik, 2014). I feel that a young leader should be less authoritative and friendlier. He should be strict at times when required but otherwise should be more collaborative in his efforts. The generational differences should be embraced and enough gratitude should be shown to them to earn proper respect (Zacher Gielnik, 2014). Everybody should be treated as equals in a team as this helps in building up stronger bonds. Conclusion This essay is subdivided into three important parts. The first part is written from the point of view of an employee about the empowerment policies. The second part is about the role of an individual in a team performance. And the third one is about the role of a leader in a team consisting of more experienced team members. The first part is written from the perspective of an employee. The employee empowerment has been a growing phenomenon in the business. It has a number of benefits which elevates the productivity of the company. As the employees are allowed to take more responsibilities on their shoulders and allowed to be part of the decision making process, it makes the employees more comfortable. The employee empowerment helps in the reduction of cost, betterment of services and initiates change in a company. All these three benefits is extremely important for a company to survive excel in the market. The second part thoroughly discusses about the team roles which are important for the teams good performance. This includes the Belmin model of various job functions in a team. This part mentions the team roles like Planter (creative person), investigator of the resources, co-ordinator, team worker, shaper, evaluator, specialist, complete finisher and the implementer. This part of the essay emphasises on the team role of the shaper. The shaper is important as he is responsible for creating a structure out of unorganised information and ideas. This challenging role is sometimes not appreciated because of its provocative nature. However, this role in the team is more instrumental in driving through the obstacles and challenges. The third part of the essay explores a situation of a young leader and his experienced subordinates. This part is a complete discussion about how a young leader can work hard to collaborate properly with his tem. It is important for the young leader to pay enough respect to his senior. It is important to listen to them and making them part of the decision making process. Blending of traditional and innovative ideas in the work culture can also be marked as a significant step in these kinds of working conditions. References Abd-El-Salam, E. M., Shawky, A. Y., El-Nahas, T., Nawar, Y. S. (2013). The relationship among job satisfaction, motivation, leadership, communication, and psychological empowerment: An Egyptian case study.SAM Advanced Management Journal,78(2), 33. Allen, J. A., Lehmann-Willenbrock, N., Sands, S. J. (2016). Meetings as a positive boost? How and when meeting satisfaction impacts employee empowerment.Journal of Business Research,69(10), 4340-4347. Appelbaum, S. H., Karasek, R., Lapointe, F., Quelch, K. (2014). Employee empowerment: factors affecting the consequent success or failure-Part I.Industrial and commercial training,46(7), 379. Appelbaum, S. H., Karasek, R., Lapointe, F., Quelch, K. (2015). Employee empowerment: factors affecting the consequent success or failure (Part II).Industrial and Commercial Training,47(1), 23-30. Bakar, H. A., McCann, R. M. (2014). Matters of demographic similarity and dissimilarity in supervisorsubordinate relationships and workplace attitudes.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,41, 1-16. Chi, C. G., Maier, T. A., Gursoy, D. (2013). Employees perceptions of younger and older managers by generation and job category.International Journal of Hospitality Management,34, 42-50. Chiu, C. Y. C., Owens, B. P., Tesluk, P. E. (2016). Initiating and utilizing shared leadership in teams: The role of leader humility, team proactive personality, and team performance capability. Chrobot-Mason, D., Aramovich, N. P. (2013). The psychological benefits of creating an affirming climate for workplace diversity.Group Organization Management,38(6), 659-689. Driskell, T., Driskell, J. E., Burke, C. S., Salas, E. (2017). Team Roles: A Review and Integration.Small Group Research, 1046496417711529. Elnaga, A. A., Imran, A. (2014). The Impact of Employee Empowerment on Job Satisfaction Theoretical Study.American Journal of Research Communication,2(1), 13-26. Eubanks, D. L., Palanski, M., Olabisi, J., Joinson, A., Dove, J. (2016). Team dynamics in virtual, partially distributed teams: optimal role fulfillment.Computers in Human Behavior,61, 556-568. Fernandez, S., Moldogaziev, T. (2015). Employee empowerment and job satisfaction in the US Federal Bureaucracy: A self-determination theory perspective.The American review of public administration,45(4), 375-401. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Martin, R., Guillaume, Y., Thomas, G., Lee, A., Epitropaki, O. (2016). LeaderMember exchange (LMX) and performance: A Meta?Analytic review.Personnel Psychology,69(1), 67-121. Mostert, N. M. (2015). Belbinthe way forward for innovation teams.Innovation,1. Namasivayam, K., Guchait, P., Lei, P. (2014). The influence of leader empowering behaviors and employee psychological empowerment on customer satisfaction.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(1), 69-84. Oke, A. E., Olatunji, S. O., Awodele, A. O., Akinola, J. A., Kuma-Agbenyo, M. (2016). Importance of team roles composition to success of construction projects.International Journal of Construction Project Management,8(2), 141. Oke, A. E., Olatunji, S. O., Awodele, A. O., Akinola, J. A., Kuma-Agbenyo, M. (2016). Importance of team roles composition to success of construction projects.International Journal of Construction Project Management,8(2), 141. Omar, M., Hasan, B., Ahmad, M., Yasin, A., Baharom, F., Mohd, H., Darus, N. M. (2016, August). Towards a balanced software team formation based on Belbin team role using fuzzy technique. In F. A. A. Nifa, M. N. M. Nawi, A. Hussain (Eds.),AIP Conference Proceedings(Vol. 1761, No. 1, p. 020082). AIP Publishing. Owens, B. P., Hekman, D. R. (2016). How does leader humility influence team performance? Exploring the mechanisms of contagion and collective promotion focus.Academy of Management Journal,59(3), 1088-1111. Rego, A., Owens, B., Yam, K. C., Bluhm, D., Cunha, M. P. E., Silard, A., ... Liu, W. (2017). Leader Humility and Team Performance: Exploring the Mediating Mechanisms of Team PsyCap and Task Allocation Effectiveness.Journal of Management, 0149206316688941. Rizwan, M., Mukhtar, A. (2014). Preceding to employee satisfaction and turnover intention.International Journal of Human Resource Studies,4(3), 87. Ruch, W., Gander, F., Platt, T., Hofmann, J. (2016). Team roles: Their relationships to character strengths and job satisfaction.The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1-10. Zacher, H., Gielnik, M. M. (2014). Organisational age cultures: The interplay of chief executive officers age and attitudes toward younger and older employees.International Small Business Journal,32(3), 327-349.

Tionne Tenese Watkins T-Boz Essays - TLC, Rozonda Thomas

Tionne Tenese Watkins : T-Boz born: April 26, 1970 in Des Moines, Iowa began performing: started singing in church influences: Prince, Janet Jackson, Patti LaBelle role in TLC: main singer, business head of TLC Named one of People's '50 Most Beautiful People of 1995 Other projects: acting role as 'Tionne' in Hype Williams' 1998 film 'Belly' Started own companies: Shee Inc. and Grunge Girl Music released 'Touch Myself' - controversial song included on soundtrack Fled started a clothes line with Dallas Austin called Grungy Glamorous wrote a book of poetry and has a cartoon in progress Lisa Nicole Lopes : Left Eye born: May 27, 1971 in Philadelphia, PA began performing: began musical career as a rapper in Philly; performed in school plays and performances; talented in creative writing, sewing and dancing role in TLC: rapper; writes many of the lyrics Other projects: A featured musician in the hit song "Not Tonight - The Remix" - along with 'Lil Kim, Missy Elliot Hosted MTV show 'The Cut' Featured artist on the song "Cradle Rock", part of Method Man's album "Tical 2000" Runs own record company called 'Left Eye Productions' Has started own publishing co. called 'U.N.I. Publishing, Inc.' Will be releasing her own solo album later this year called Fantasy1.com - guest musicians will be Erick Sermon, Wyclef of the Fugees, the Bandits, Tangi, among others Rozonda Thomas : Chilli born: February 27, 1971 in Atlanta, GA began performing: danced professionally for Damian Dame role in TLC: singer; choreographer named one of People's '50 Most Beautiful People' in 1996 Other projects: Appeared on the film "Have Plenty" Recently had a baby boy named Tron with writer/producer Dallas Austin! Has started own publishing company 'T-Ron Music (BMI)'. Sings lead vocals on first FanMail release 'No Scrubs'

The Main Difference between Aristotles and Socrates Account of Virtue

Today people build their society and relations in it on the principles of ethics which were developed by such philosophers as Socrates and Aristotle in the ancient times. One of the main principles on which the ethical school is based is the notion of virtue as the representation of the moral perfectness of a man.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Difference between Aristotle’s and Socrates’ Account of Virtue specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, virtue can also be defined as the way which a man should follow to live the better life which is full of light and goodness. Socrates and Aristotle are considered as the founders of the ethic principles. Socrates was the first who determined the notion of virtue, and Aristotle developed his own vision with basing on Socrates’ viewpoint. Thus, there are many similarities in the philosophers’ interpretation of virtue, but there is al so a significant difference in their approaches to the discussion of virtue which is influential for the organization of their ethical systems. This important difference is in determining the source of virtue as the moral category. Socrates considers virtue as the basis for understanding people’s morality. Virtue can be thought of as the complex of the best human qualities and traits which he develops consciously. Socrates determines four main virtues which exist in people’s lives. They are prudence (or personal wisdom), justice, temperance, and fortitude (Taylor, 2001). Following these four virtues is the men’s chance to live the better life because they are connected with all the aspects of people’s living including civil life and military service. However, a man cannot follow the principles of a virtuous life consciously when he does not know them. That is why to live a moral life, it is necessary to know what the virtue is. Having determined four main virtues, Socrates states that prudence can be considered as the major one which is the source for developing justice, temperance, and fortitude. His arguments depend on his opinion that prudence (or wisdom) is associated with the human intelligence or reason, and intelligence is the knowledge (Taylor, 2001). Thus, Socrates understands virtue and the way to it as the knowledge.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Socrates, the real morality and virtue is the knowledge of what is good and what is bad (Taylor, 2001). The understanding of virtue as good is the way to reach the person’s moral satisfaction and live the happy life. A man can acquire such virtues as prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude when he spends a lot of time trying to learn and perceive the world around him and developing oneself. The human’s perception is his knowledge about oneself and the reality. It is possible to learn to live a virtuous life as persons learn any other norms and rules. Socrates considers virtues and the moral norms and rules which are based on them as eternal and unalterable. Analyzing Socrates visions of virtue, it is possible to say that he understands the knowledge as the source for developing virtues the main of which is prudence as the reflection of person’s intelligence (Taylor, 2001). Aristotle develops Socrates’ principles associated with the notion of virtue and presents his own structure of human’s moral categories which form the ethics. Thus, Aristotle understands virtue is the balance or ‘golden mean’ between two possible extremes in actions and thoughts (Curzer, 2012). That person who is virtuous should know where this ‘golden mean’ is and act according to it in order to achieve the goal to live the happy life. Happiness is the notion which Aristotle combines with the idea of virtues because virtue is the human’s way to his happiness and the part of happiness as the whole one. Happiness as a result of following a virtuous life is also the part of the person’s life when his mind controls his will, feelings, and emotions and points the good way to happiness (Curzer, 2012). Moreover, Aristotle determines much more virtues which influence the people’s life. They are liberality, truthfulness, friendliness, forgiveness, integrity and some others which form the person’s morality (Gottlieb, 2011). According to Aristotle all the virtues can be divided into intellectual and moral. Thus, intellectual virtues are affected by the people’s wisdom and their will to follow them. Moral virtues are connected with the emotional nature of humans (Gottlieb, 2011). They depend on the people’s desire, will, and motives to realize them. Virtue is the moral category which can be considered as the motivation for person’s actions and behavi or. Therefore, Aristotle understands person’s will, desire, and motivation as the main basis for virtue, but not the knowledge (Curzer, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Difference between Aristotle’s and Socrates’ Account of Virtue specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Socrates and Aristotle develop the knowledge of virtue as goodness and the combination of the person’s best traits, but their approaches to the issue of the source of virtues are quite opposite to each other and form the main difference in their visions of virtue as the moral category. Socrates’ opinion that the knowledge is the single source of virtue is argued by his successors. The idea that â€Å"virtue is knowledge of what the agent’s good is, and the agent’s good is knowledge† is rather controversial because it appeals only to the rational on in humans and rejects the fact of their emotional causes for actions (Taylor, 2001, p. 69). Socrates does not differentiate between the knowledge and its usage. He considers that a person can act badly and without following the principles of virtuous life only because of the fact he does not know these principles. This opinion can be considered as rather idealistic because it rejects the natural peculiarities of the people’s behavior which are based on the affective part of the personality (Taylor, 2001). Aristotle’s vision of the virtue’s source can be considered as more realistic in comparison with Socrates’ one. He is the first philosopher who develops the moral principles with focusing on the voluntary aspect of personality. The knowledge has the general character, and the action is a result of the personal will. Being influenced by the knowledge, virtues and morality depend on will and desire to live a virtuous life. It is possible to know what is good, but it is important to want to follow goodness (Gottlieb, 2011). It is important to notice that that person who has the knowledge about virtues can have no desire to develop them and to follow them even if she knows these moral principles. That is why Aristotle’s theory of virtue is â€Å"relevant to contemporary life in detail, not just in general approach† (Curzer, 2012, p. 4). Aristotle’s viewpoint that virtues in action are the effects of person’s will can be considered as more plausible in comparison with Socrates’ idea on the rational character of virtues. The notion of virtue is the basic category of the ethics which was developed by Socrates and Aristotle. The main principles of virtues provided by these philosophers have many similarities in relation to virtue as the moral category, but the main difference is in Socrates and Aristotle’s vision of the source of virtue.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Socrates presents the idealistic visions of goodness depending only on the knowledge when Aristotle examines all the aspects of this notion and focuses on the voluntary factor. Aristotle’s idea can be considered as more reliable because it depends on the natural characteristics of personality. References Curzer, H. J. (2012). Aristotle and the virtues. USA: Oxford University Press. Gottlieb, P. (2011). The virtue of Aristotle’s ethics. USA: Cambridge University Press. Taylor, C. C. W. (2001). Socrates: A very short introduction. USA: Oxford University Press. This essay on The Main Difference between Aristotle’s and Socrates’ Account of Virtue was written and submitted by user Valeria Randolph to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Paul’s Missionary Journey Essay Essays

Paul’s Missionary Journey Essay Essays Paul’s Missionary Journey Essay Essay Paul’s Missionary Journey Essay Essay The Apostle Paul was the great leader in the momentous passage which characterized the apostolic age. the passage from a prevailingly Judaic to a prevailingly gentile Christianity. Under his counsel Christianity was saved from atrophy’ and decease. which threatened it if it remained confined in Palestine. At the same clip. by ground of his penetration into the truth of the Gospel and fidelity to it. every bit good as by his devotedness to the Old Testament and trueness to the highest Judaic ideals in which he had been reared. he saved Christianity from the moral and spiritual degeneration to which it would certainly hold been brought if it had broken with its yesteryear. and had tried to stand entirely and incapacitated amid the commotion of Greek spiritual motions of the first and 2nd Christian centuries. In Paul a great force of onward motion and a profound and witting radicalism were combined with basically conservative rules. Paul appears to hold been born at non far from the same clip as Jesus Christ. Harmonizing to Acts. Paul was born in Tarsus ( Acts 9:11 ; etc. ) . received the dual name Saul/Paul ( 13:9 ) . and through his household possessed Tarsian and Roman citizenship ( 22:25-29 ( Murphy-O’Connor 32-33 ) . Overall. Paul can be described as an able and exhaustively trained Jew. who had gained from his abode in a Grecian metropolis that grade of Greek instruction which complete acquaintance with the Grecian linguistic communication and the accustomed usage of the Grecian interlingual rendition of the Scriptures could convey. At underside he of all time remained the Jew. in his feelings. his background of thoughts. and his manner of idea. but he knew how to do acceptably apprehensible to Greek readers the truths in which. as prevarication came to believe. put the satisfaction of their deepest demands. At Jerusalem Paul entered ardently into the chase of the Pharisaic ideal of complete conformance in every specific to the Law. He was. he tells us. â€Å"found blameless† ( to every oculus but that of his ain scruples ) . and. he says. â€Å"I advanced in the Jews’ faith beyond many of mine ain age among my countrymen. being more extremely avid for the traditions of my fathers† . With ardent passion he entered into the persecution of the Christian religious order. was present and took a sort of portion at the slaying of Stephen. and undertook to transport on the work of suppression outside of Palestine at Damascus. whither he journeyed for this intent with letters of debut from the governments at Jerusalem ( Murphy-O’Connor 52-57 ) . At this clip took topographic point his transition. That he was converted. and at or near Damascus. his ain words leave no uncertainty. â€Å"I persecuted. † he says in composing to the Galatians. â€Å"the Church of God. . . But when it was the good pleasance of God. who separated me. even from my mother’s uterus. and called me through his grace. to uncover his Son in me. that I might prophesy him among the heathens ; straightway I conferred non with flesh and blood: neither went I up to Jerusalem to them which were apostles before me: but I went off into Arabia ; and once more I returned unto Damascus† ( Gal I. 13-17 ) . The alteration obviously presented itself to Paul’s head as a direct Godhead interjection in his life. It came to him in a disclosure of Jesus Christ. whereby ( and through no human mediator ) he received the Gospel which he preached. and the committee to be an apostle. He refers to it as to a individual event and an absolute alteration of way. non a gradual procedure and development ; the two parts of his life stood aggressively contrasted. he did non gestate that he had slid by unperceivable phases from one to the other. â€Å"What things [ i. e. his advantages of birth and Judaic attainment ] were addition to me. these have I counted loss for Christ. . . or whom I suffered† - as if in a individual minute - †the loss of all things† ( Phil. three. 7. 8 ) . From Paul’s ain words. so. we know that he was converted from a tormentor to a Christian. at a definite clip and at or near Damascus. by what he considered to be the direct interjection of God ; and it seems to be this experience of which he thought as a vision of the risen Christ ( Hubbard 176-77 ) . After Paul’s transition. which took topographic point in the latter portion of the reign of Tiberius ( 14-37 a. d. ) . about 15 old ages passed before the missional calling began of which we have knowledge from Acts and from Paul’s ain epistles. During this clip Paul was foremost in Arabia. that is in some portion of the imperium of which Damascus was the most celebrated metropolis. so in Damascus. and subsequently. after a brief visit to Jerusalem. in Cilicia. doubtless at his old place Tarsus. In this period we may say that he was seting his whole system of idea to the new Centre which had established itself in his head. the Messiahship of Jesus. With the new footing in head every portion of his rational universe must hold been thought through. Particularly. we may believe. will he hold studied the relation of Christian religion to the old dispensation and to the thoughts of the Prophetss. The fruit of these old ages we have in the full-blown idea of the epistles. They show a steadiness of position and a preparedness of resource in the usage of the Old Testament. which testify to through work in the clip of readying. Epistles written old ages apart. like Galatians. Romans and Philippians. surprise us by their uniformity of idea and unstrained similarity of linguistic communication. in malice of the profusion and vivacity of Paul’s idea and manner. So. for the most portion. the characteristic thoughts even of Epliesians and Colossians are found suggested in source in Corinthians and the earlier epistles. Paul’s epistles represent the literary blossoming of a head prepared by old ages of survey and contemplation ( Murphy-O’Connor 90-95 ) . At Paul’s missional journey and the beginning so made of churches in Asia Minor we have already looked in a old chapter. After his return to Antioch followed that great and polar juncture of early Christian history. the alleged Council. or Conference. at Jerusalem. described in the 15th chapter of Acts and by Paul in the 2nd chapter of Galatians. At that clip Paul established his right to transport on the work of Christian missions in conformity with his ain rules and his ain apprehension of the Christian faith. His relation with the Twelve Apostles seems so and at all times to hold been affable. His troubles came from others in the Judaic Church. To this we know of merely one exclusion. seemingly slightly subsequently than the Conference. the juncture at Antioch when Peter under force per unit area from Jerusalem withdrew from family with the gentile brethren. and called out from Paul the terrible reproof of which we read in Galatians. There is ground to believe that the reproof accomplished its intent. At any rate. at a ulterior clip there is no grounds of a continued breach. The thought of missional travel had obviously taken ownership of Paul. for after returning from Jerusalem to Antioch he shortly started out once more. and was endlessly occupied with missional work from now until the minute of his apprehension at Jerusalem. Leaving Antioch on his 2nd journey he and his comrades hurried across Asia Minor. halting merely. it would look. to revisit and inspect churches antecedently established. They were led by the Holy Spirit. as the author of Acts believed. to direct their class westward every bit quickly as possible to Greece. which was to be the following phase in the way to the capital of the universe. In Macedonia and Achaia Paul and his comrades worked with changing success at Philippi. Thessalonica. Ber? a. Athens. Corinth. At Corinth. the main commercial metropolis of Greece. the Christians arrived in the late fall. The work opened good. and Paul remained at that of import Centre until a twelvemonth from the following spring. The day of the month of his reaching can non be precisely determined. but is likely one of the five old ages between 49 and 53 a. d. While at Corinth he wrote the First and ( if it is echt ) the Second Epistle to the Thessalonians. Somewhere about this clip. possibly before go forthing Antioch for this journey. the Epistle to the Galatians was written. The churches of Galatia. to which it is addressed. were likely the churches known to us in Acts as Pisithan Antioch. Iconium. Lystra. and Derbe. After a winging trip to Syria and possibly to Jerusalem Paul returned to Ephesus in Asia Minor. where he settled down for a stay of three old ages. A few incidents of this period have been recorded in the Book of Acts. and are among the most dramatic and realistic that we have. They include a singular figure of points of contact with facts known to us from archaeological finds. and in no chapters of Acts is our assurance more to the full reassured in the modern-day cognition and the trustiness of the author of the book. While at Ephesus Paul had much communicating with Corinth. and wrote I Corinthians. which had clearly been preceded by another missive. There are indicants in II Corinthians that after this he found the troubles in the church at Corinth such that he wrote them at least one missive which has been lost. and made a short. and in its result extremely painful. trip to Corinth and back to Ephesus. Finally he was impelled by danger to his life to go forth Ephesus. and went through Macedonia to Corinth. On the manner he wrote. to fix for his ain presence. the epistle we call II Corinthians. Arriving at Corinth in the early winter he stayed until spring. His literary impulse continued active. and to this winter we owe the Epistle to the Romans. Earlier letters had been’ called out by particular demand in one or another church ; in Romans Paul comes nigher to a systematic expounding of his divinity than in any of his earlier Hagiographas. He knew the importance that would certainly belong to the Christian Church of Rome. He had made up his head to travel at that place. But first he must travel to Jerusalem. and there were dangers both from the hazards of travel and from hostile work forces. Of each hind his life had had many illustrations. Consequently he provided for the Roman Christians a clear statement of his chief place. together with a answer to several of the main expostulations brought against it. notably the allegations that his presentation of Christianity involves the repeal of God’s promises to his chosen people. and that it opened the manner to moral laxness. This missive Paul sent as an earnest of his ain visit to Rome. He had been for a twelvemonth or more oversing the aggregation by the churches of Asia Minor and Europe of a part for the hapless Christians at Jerusalem ; the heathen churches should therefore do a refund in animal things to those who had made them to be sharers of their religious things. This part was now ready. and Paul himself with a group of representatives of the main churches took ship at Philippi and Troas for Jerusalem. The ocean trip is narrated in item in Acts. obviously by one who was a member of the company. At last Paul reached Jerusalem. and was good received by the church ; but. followed as he was by the hate of Hebrews from the Dispersion who had recognized the threat to the Judaic faith continuing from the new religious order. he was set upon by a rabble. rescued merely by being taken in detention by the Roman governments. and after a series of exciting escapades which will be found laudably told in the Book of Acts. was brought to C`sarea. There he stayed a captive for two old ages and more until on the juncture of a alteration of Roman Governor his instance was brought up for test. when he exercised the right of a Roman citizen to appeal from the legal power of the Governor to that of the imperial tribunal at Rome. It was late fall. but he was dispatched with a comrade whom we may good believe to be Luke the darling doctor. and from whom our history surely comes. The narration of Paul’s ocean trip and shipwreck. of the winter on the island of Malta. and the concluding reaching at Rome early in one of the old ages between 58 and 62 a. d. is familiar. It is the most of import papers that antiquity has left us for an apprehension of the manner of working an ancient ship. while the image which it gives of Paul as a practical adult male is a delicious addendum to our other cognition of him ( Murphy-O’Connor 324 ) . In Rome. while under guard expecting test. Paul likely wrote Philippians. Colossians. Philemon. and the round missive. apparently intended for churches in Asia Minor. known to us as Ephesians. They show some new development of thoughts long present with him. and some new ideas to which his other Hagiographas give no analogue. and the manner of some of them has changed a spot from the freshness of Galatians and Romans ; but these are non sufficient grounds for denying that Paul wrote the letters. They are. so. as it seems to me. beyond sensible uncertainty genuine. The Book of Acts ends with the words. â€Å"And he [ Paul ] abode two whole old ages in his ain hired home. and received all that went in unto him. prophesying the Kingdom of God. and learning the things refering the Lord Jesus Christ with all daring. none prohibiting him. † This period of two old ages is sufficient to include the composing of the four epistles to which mention has merely been made. Philippians. Colossians. Philemon. and Epliesians. the alleged Epistles of the Captivity. What happened at the termination of the period? Apparently Paul’s instance. long postponed. so came to test. Make it ensue in his release or his executing? The grounds is meager and conflicting. and sentiments differ. It is possibly a little more likely that he was released. and entered on farther missional work. likely transporting out his original intent of forcing on with the announcement of his Gospel to the West. and set uping it in Spain ; but of this period there is no narrative. If after two old ages Paul’s imprisonment at Rome ended with his release. as the absence of tenable charges against him would take us to anticipate. he must hold been subsequently once more apprehended. likely in connexion with the persecution artfully turned against the Christians at the clip of Nero’s fire in July of the twelvemonth 64. It is likely that he was beheaded. to which favor his Roman citizenship entitled him. and that he was finally buried on the Ostian Way at the topographic point where now stands the glorious basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls.

Environment & Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Environment & Society - Essay Example In poor countries for instance, women are mostly involved in activities such as fetching water, fetching fuel for domestic use and agriculture and therefore they understand the issues relating to the availability of water and other natural resources. This can be seen in the Bolivia water issues where women were the most affected by the rising water prices. The concept that gender has an effect on the way the society relates with the environment is predicated on the fact that gender roles and division of labour between the two genders determine how the society relates with the environment. Gender differences for instance determine how much each gender knows about the issues of environment and environment management. As Levy (pp. 8-12) says, in societies where there is no gender equality and women are left to do the lowly domestics tasks, they have the least knowledge about environment and this makes it harder for these women to be able to participate efficiently in conserving the envi ronment. This can be seen clearly in developing and underdeveloped world where women are not involved in the environment programs; yet, they are the ones who interact with the environment every day as they go about their daily economic activities such as fetching water, fetching fuel, farming etc. Differences in gender also result in differences in the way the environment is used. ... At the same time, the gender differences determine who will be involved in the management of the environment. This is very important because of a number of issues. To begin with, when gender inequalities are high, women are not involved in the management of the environment and this makes it harder for the management of the environment to be done in a holistic way. In almost any society, women are always the majority and this means that they are instrumental in helping to manage the environment. Failing to involve them in the management of the environment only leads to an ineffective environment management. It is also clear that in societies where gender inequalities are higher, women are not only left out in the management of the environment but are also likely to involve in the negative interaction with the environment. This is because such women are also left out in participating in the modern socioeconomic activities, leaving them to only have access to harmful economic activities . Failing to involve women in the proper management of the economy has a double negative impact in that in such a situation the majority of the population is not involved and the part of the society which involved itself the most in interacting with the environment are not involved in managing it. Environmental degradation also seems to affect different genders in a different way. Women for instance are affected in a more negative way when the environment is harmed since they are the ones who need the resources from nature the most. This difference in the way environmental degradation affects the gender is also an indication that gender has an effect in the way the gender affects the way in which the society interacts with the environment. When for instance the water catchments are